The work was carried out as part of the two-year ‘OffsH2ore’ project funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK).
The task of the overall project was to develop a technically and economically optimized design for an integrated offshore hydrogen production plant using proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, including a concept for transporting the compressed gaseous hydrogen onto land. The energy for the electrolysis is supplied by an offshore wind park. The results now obtained can serve as a blueprint and starting point for the development of pilot and large-scale projects and the preparation of the corresponding regulations. Until now, offshore hydrogen generation at the scale envisioned by the project, 500 MW, has not yet been realized. With the concept presented by the consortium, rapid and large-scale implementation has become realistic.
Project partners along the entire value chain
In addition to Fraunhofer ISE, other participants included the project’s coordinator PNE AG, an international developer and operator of renewable energy plant projects; SILICA Verfahrenstechnik GmbH, an engineering and plant construction company; KONGSTEIN GmbH, which acts as an advisor for offshore wind and hydrogen technologies, among other things; and Wystrach GmbH, a provider of high-pressure storage facilities for hydrogen. The ‘OffsH2ore’ project brought together an experienced and complementary consortium of industry partners and researchers from the entire value chain.
Hydrogen production without competition for land use
“Green hydrogen, obtained sustainably from renewable energy sources, will become an important pillar of the defossilization of our energy system. For countries like Germany, where the large-scale production of green hydrogen is already a challenge due to such factors as the competition for land use, for example, the production of hydrogen at sea with offshore wind energy is an additional option,” explains Marius Holst, who, as coordinator, was in charge of processing the work packages for Fraunhofer ISE. “Hydrogen production at sea offers not only high full-load hours, but also the chance to cover the entire value chain at the national level, while at the same time decoupling offshore wind expansion and expansion of the grid.”
The basis of the concept is an offshore wind park that is directly connected to a 500 MW electrolysis platform. This can produce up to 50,000 tons of green hydrogen per year. The system has a scalable, modular construction that can easily be adapted to different hydrogen production capacities. Fresh water for the PEM electrolyzer is obtained from the desalinization of sea water using the waste heat generated by the electrolysis process. The hydrogen produced is cleaned and dried, compressed up to 500 bar, and loaded onto a transport ship. Up to 400 tons of hydrogen per shipload can be delivered from the offshore platform to land. This concept is independent of hydrogen transport lines and offers flexibility in the choice of location.
Offshore PEM electrolysis is technically and economically feasible
The work packages of the ISE included the projection of a PEM electrolysis module. The researchers were able to demonstrate that offshore hydrogen production using PEM electrolysis is technically and economically feasible. “PEM electrolysis is the preferred technology for the offshore environment. With this electrolyzer, we can adapt to the limited space available on the platform and make use of the dynamic operating behavior of this type of electrolysis,” explains Anna Wunsch, who supervised this work package and calculated the technical design of the system. With PEM electrolyzers, operators can react quickly to fluctuations in the energy supply and operate the electrolyzer without any problems, even at partial load.
